The Role of High-Temperature Superconductors in Next-Generation Energy Transmission

Abstract

This paper researches the possibility of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) becoming the basis of the next generation transmission system by combining expertise insights, modelling, and experimental testing.  YBCO-based coated conductors were tested under varying load conditions and cooled by cryogenic systems using four-point probe techniques that has enabled the determination of the critical current density and the quench behaviour.  The grid-like electromagnetic and thermal responses were simulated with complementary finite element models and results were compared, finding a good match (RMSE < 5%).  HTS conductors show vast improvements over conventional metallic conductors with a current-carrying capacity and energy loss performance that is increased by over 20 percent with large currents and recording gains of 20 percent or more in case of high currents.  Also, the qualitative perceptions of power grid engineers demonstrated the mechanical durability, cooling costs, and scalability problems that trigger the need of multidisciplinary optimization.  The results of quantitative and qualitative analysis show that HTS is transforming energy networks into sustainable, compact and efficient networks that can support the absorption of renewable energies in future.  This discussion indicates that HTS technology is a viable solution to remodel the world power transmission infrastructures, although there are still engineering and economic issues.