The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Adolescent Self-Esteem

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between social media use and adolescent self-esteem through a mixed-methods design that integrated quantitative analyses with qualitative insights. Quantitative findings indicated a significant negative association between hours of daily social media use and self-esteem scores, with regression models confirming social media use as a predictor of diminished self-worth. Structural equation modeling further revealed that body image concerns and upward social comparison mediated this relationship, highlighting the indirect pathways through which digital engagement influences adolescent well-being. Gender- and age-based analyses demonstrated that adolescent girls and younger cohorts were particularly vulnerable, reporting lower self-esteem levels when exposed to appearance-driven content. Conversely, boys displayed relatively greater resilience to self-image pressures. Qualitative interviews reinforced these patterns, as participants reported experiences of body dissatisfaction, peer validation pressure, and self-comparison online. However, some adolescents also described positive effects of social media when used for supportive peer interactions, creative expression, and connection, suggesting a dual nature in its influence. Visual data trends confirmed consistent associations across subgroups, with line, bar, scatter, and hybrid plots illustrating stronger resilience in moderate users and decreased outcomes in heavy users. Together, these findings demonstrate that while social media can provide temporary benefits, excessive and appearance-focused use undermines adolescent self-esteem, necessitating interventions that foster digital literacy, encourage mindful engagement, and strengthen protective psychosocial resources.