SOCIAL MOVEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY CHANGE: ANALYZING THE ROLE OF GRASSROOTS MOVEMENTS IN SHAPING ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND POLICY

Abstract

Environmental degradation has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges, prompting widespread mobilization of grassroots movements to influence legislative and policy frameworks. This study explores the transformative role of social movements in advocating for environmental protection, with a specific focus on how grassroots activism translates into measurable policy changes. Using a qualitative synthesis of theoretical and empirical literature, this paper examines the mechanisms by which collective action mobilizes public opinion, creates institutional pressure, and catalyzes governmental response. Findings highlight that movements emphasizing localized ecological issues—such as deforestation, water scarcity, and industrial pollution—often achieve greater political traction due to their ability to link abstract global challenges with tangible community experiences. Additionally, the study identifies the influence of digital media in amplifying grassroots voices and connecting local activism with global environmental networks. A comparative analysis demonstrates that inclusive movements, drawing strength from diverse stakeholders, yield more sustainable policy outcomes. The discussion emphasizes the dynamic interplay between activism, policy design, and implementation, while underscoring persistent challenges such as state resistance, elite capture, and weak enforcement. This research contributes to understanding the evolving nature of environmental governance and the growing significance of bottom-up mobilization in shaping the future of environmental policy.